For Memorial, Oaks Are Tall Order To Fill


By Carl Glassman           

In renderings they are towering, lush, and almost identical. That is the way that landscape architect Peter Walker imagined the life-affirming giant oak trees that he has proposed to grace “Reflecting Absence,” the winning World Trade Center memorial concept created with architects Michael Arad and Max Bond.

Plans for the memorial call for 300 oak trees to form a canopy around the 70-foot-deep footprints of the World Trade Center. The trees would be trimmed so they branch out at about 14 feet. Rendering: The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation.

Walker’s plan, unveiled last December, calls for a grove of 300 matching oaks, crowning at a uniform height of 40 feet when the memorial opens in 2009.

It is a challenging vision.

Neither Walker’s office nor a spokeswoman for the Lower Manhattan Development Corp., would comment on progress in selecting the trees, which was to have begun in April. But Tribeca-based landscape architect Signe Nielsen, who is a consultant to Walker on the project, said that there has been some uncertainty over how to realize Walker’s vision.

“Everything is in flux now as far as I can tell,” said Nielsen, who was the landscape architect for Route 9A (West Street), which runs adjacent to the memorial site.

Although landscaping plans are “still on target” for the projected opening of the memorial on Sept. 11, 2009, she said, the need for so many similar oaks poses problems.

“Oak trees are very hard to transplant and a lot of nurseries don’t like to carry old oaks because they occupy a lot of real estate for a long period of time,” Nielsen said. “And we need 300 of them that match.”

Oaks offer the height, long life, magnificent canopies and colorful fall foliage that make them an ideal choice for the memorial. But they are prone to disease, which Nielsen said also has the planners worried. That may mean choosing different species, rather than the “monoculture” pictured in the familiar drawings of the memorial.

Chet Halka Jr., whose Halka Nurseries in Millstone, N.J., is one of the top tree growers in the east, said that he has been visited three times by architects and arborists who are scouting nurseries for the memorial. He said that he can supply the 300 oaks, but that the uniform height would pose a problem. “If they’re looking for one size, then they will have to hunt all over,” he said.

The height of the trees will be limited by available space for the roots and Halka said he was told that eight feet is the maximum width of a tree pit at the memorial site. That, he said, would limit the trees to about 30 feet.

Nina Bassuk, professor of horticultural physiology at Cornell University and a consultant to the memorial planners, said she has recommended that the planners lower their sights and look for smaller trees.

“They’re all going to grow,” said Bassuk, a leading expert in urban horticulture. “But there’s the question of finding those trees and, more importantly, the care they would need to get over the shock.”

Bassuk said that for every inch of caliber of trunk it takes a year to overcome the shock of transplant. “Eight inches would take eight years,” she said, “and that’s a long time.” (An 8-inch calibre oak is roughly 30-feet tall.) Bassuk said she recommended that the architects select trees that are half that caliber.

Plans call for a grove of trees to rise above the ramp that takes visitors to the bottom of the voids. Rendering: The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation.
“These trees have a tremendous significance to everyone,” said Bassuk, “and the last thing anyone wants is to see them fail.”